Given enough time, incentive, and the right tool, there's nothing a man (or woman) can't do

But what's with those odd callouses on the truncated ends of vertical roots? Michael Rayburn, arborist specializing in arboreal dentistry, (just kidding) showed them to me this morning on this fallen Oak in Fern Valley. The top one seems like it was the initial "tap root". It's in the center and it's far and away the largest.